Debunked! Myths About Colon Cancer

Colon cancer is one of the most common cancers in the United States, yet there are still many misconceptions about who it affects, how it’s detected, and what screening methods entail. Misinformation can lead to delayed screenings and missed early detection opportunities, which can be life-threatening. To clear up the confusion, let’s debunk some of the most common myths about colon cancer.

Myth: Only men get colon cancer / Only women get colon cancer.

Truth: Everyone has a colon. Everyone can get colon cancer.

One of the most widespread misconceptions is that colon cancer only affects a specific gender. Some people believe it primarily affects men, while others think it is a women's issue. The truth is that colon cancer does not discriminate—everyone has a colon, and everyone is at risk. In fact, colon cancer is the third most common cancer in both men and women. While factors, such as diet, lifestyle, and genetics, may vary, colon cancer affects all people, and everyone should take screening seriously.

Myth: Colonoscopy is the only way to get screened for colon cancer.

Truth: Several screening methods are available.

A colonoscopy is considered the gold standard for colon cancer screening because it allows doctors to directly examine the colon and remove pre-cancerous polyps before they develop into cancer. However, it is not the only choice. Other effective screening methods include:

• Stool-based tests: These tests check for hidden blood or abnormal DNA in the stool from colon cancer or precancerous polyps. Examples include the FIT (fecal immunochemical test) and stool DNA tests like Cologuard. These tests are convenient and non-invasive. They can be done at home. They must be repeated every 1-3 years. If abnormal, a colonoscopy is recommended.
• CT colonography (virtual colonoscopy): This imaging test is less invasive than a colonoscopy. It offers a detailed view of the colon using a CT scan. You still have to complete a bowel preparation. If abnormal, a colonoscopy is recommended.

Stool tests are a great alternative for many people. Talk to your provider about which screening method is best based on your health history and risk factors.

Myth: Getting screened for colon cancer will be embarrassing.

Truth: The colon is an important organ for digestion. Talking with your healthcare provider about getting screened shows that you care about your health.

Stools tests can be done at home. The physicians and nurses who perform colonoscopies are highly trained professionals who keep their patients’ well-being at the center of all that they do. 

Myth: I am healthy, so I can wait to get tested if I start to have symptoms.

Truth: Early colon cancer usually does not cause symptoms. If you wait until you have symptoms such as abdominal pain or blood in your stool, colon cancer may have spread to other parts of the body.

When colon cancer is detected early, treatment is easier and more successful. If detected after symptoms start, colon cancer is more advanced, treatment is more difficult and less likely to be successful.

Myth: I don’t have a family history of cancer, so I don’t need to worry about colon cancer.

Truth: Colon cancer rates are increasing in the United States. Most people who get colon cancer do not have a family history of cancer. Everyone over 45 years of age is at risk and should get screened.

Many people believe that if colon cancer doesn’t run in their family, they are not at risk. However, statistics show that most people diagnosed with colon cancer have no family history of the disease. In fact, about 75% of colon cancer cases occur in people with no known genetic predisposition. Lifestyle factors, such as diet, physical activity, and smoking, can contribute to the risk of developing colon cancer, but even those with a healthy lifestyle can still develop the disease.

Another concerning trend is that colon cancer rates are rising among younger adults. While the exact cause is still being studied, experts recommend that everyone begin routine screening at age 45—even earlier if they have more risk factors such as inflammatory bowel disease. Early detection is key, as colon cancer is highly treatable when caught in its early stages.

Myth: Colonoscopies are painful.

Truth: The inside of the colon has very few pain receptors. People are given medication such as mild anesthesia so they can sleep through the colonoscopy. People do not experience pain during the colonoscopy. Most people do not even remember the procedure itself when it is done.

Fear of pain is one of the biggest reasons people delay or avoid a colonoscopy. However, this fear is largely unfounded. During a colonoscopy, patients are given sedation or mild anesthesia, which allows them to sleep through the entire procedure. Because the inside of the colon has very few pain receptors, pain is minimal. In fact, most people do not remember the procedure at all once they wake up.

The only discomfort typically comes from the preparation process the night before, which involves drinking a special solution to clear out the colon. While this part may be unpleasant, it is a small price to pay for a potentially life-saving screening. Afterwards, most people experience little to no pain and can resume normal activities the day following the procedure.

The Bottom Line

Colon cancer is preventable, detectable, and treatable—especially when caught early. Yet myths and misinformation continue to prevent people from getting the screenings they need. By understanding the truth about colon cancer, everyone can take proactive steps to protect their health. If you are 45 or older, or if you have risk factors, talk to your provider about getting screened. Early detection can save lives.